Akachenti Copula

The Copula

Thus far, we posit Pre-Modern Akachenti copular forms of se:, "to be", and the nominalized sen, "what (one) is". The fact that the copula almost always takes alternate vowel forms rather than glottalic tone indicates an underlying long vowel affecting neighboring syllables despite being mutable, pronounced with a mid-tone and short.

Diachronic Reconstruction

lexeme	gloss	part of speech
se:	to be	verb
se:n	what (one) is	nominalized verb

Synchronic Examples

lexeme	sample	definition	translation	alignment
se:	hese:	how are (you)?	how be?	denuded
se:	ise: ganche	it is beautiful	it's beautiful	i-agentive
se	ise ganchá	it, I am (experiencing), (it) does beauty (to) me.PAT	it's beautiful to me	e-patientive, á-patientive
se	isikachan evagonchan	it is, Kachan, my home voice	Kachan is the language I speak at home	e-patientive
se	igonar isiganchanta	it, my home, it is beautiful	my home is beautiful	i-agentive
se	sa gudá	I am an experiencer of home-want	I'm a shut-in OR I don't get out much	á-patientive
se	usa iba:sh	(with) you, I am that, a lover	with you, I am a lover	i-patientive
se	huede esef (huede esev)	and that is (going to be)?	and that is too?	e-patientive
sen	isen ís	it.AGT, what (it) is, (it) is that.PAT	it is what it is	í-patientive
sen	hesen	what is (it)?	what is it?	denuded