Akachenti Copula
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The Copula
Thus far, we posit Pre-Modern Akachenti copular forms of se:, "to be", and the nominalized sen, "what (one) is". The fact that the copula almost always takes alternate vowel forms rather than glottalic tone indicates an underlying long vowel affecting neighboring syllables despite being mutable, pronounced with a mid-tone and short.
lexeme | gloss | part of speech |
---|---|---|
se: | to be | verb |
se:n | what (one) is | nominalized verb |
lexeme | sample | definition | translation | alignment |
---|---|---|---|---|
se: | hese: | how are (you)? | how be? | denuded |
se: | ise: ganche | it is beautiful | it's beautiful | i-agentive |
se | ise ganchá | it, I am (experiencing), (it) does beauty (to) me.PAT | it's beautiful to me | e-patientive, á-patientive |
se | isikachan evagonchan | it is, Kachan, my home voice | Kachan is the language I speak at home | e-patientive |
se | igonar isiganchanta | it, my home, it is beautiful | my home is beautiful | i-agentive |
se | sa gudá | I am an experiencer of home-want | I'm a shut-in OR I don't get out much | á-patientive |
se | usa iba:sh | (with) you, I am that, a lover | with you, I am a lover | i-patientive |
se | huede esef (huede esev) | and that is (going to be)? | and that is too? | e-patientive |
sen | isen ís | it.AGT, what (it) is, (it) is that.PAT | it is what it is | í-patientive |
sen | hesen | what is (it)? | what is it? | denuded |