Difference between revisions of "Akachenti Verbs"
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− | == | + | == Verb Classes == |
− | === | + | === Iteration 1 === |
− | + | Potential verb classes: | |
− | + | # Monovalent (1 argument) | |
+ | ## Intransitive, e.g. "I eat" | ||
+ | ## Indirect, e.g. "I (have) want" | ||
+ | ## Stative/Adjectival, e.g. "She is beautiful" | ||
+ | # Divalent (2 arguments) | ||
+ | ## Transitive, e.g. "I eat food" | ||
+ | # Trivalent (3 arguments) | ||
+ | ## Causative, e.g. "I want (to eat)" | ||
+ | ## Ditransitive Recipient, e.g. "I give them that" | ||
+ | ## Ditransitive Benefactive/Comitative, e.g. "She is beautiful to me" | ||
− | + | === Iteration 2 === | |
− | + | # Active Verb | |
+ | ## bo, to do | ||
+ | ## agata, to meet | ||
+ | # Stative Verb | ||
+ | ## da, to want | ||
− | + | == Verb Stems == | |
− | + | === Iteration 1 === | |
− | + | # Realis | |
+ | ## baga: | ||
+ | ## agata | ||
+ | # Irrealis | ||
+ | ## baga:sha | ||
+ | ## agatanka | ||
+ | # Imperative | ||
− | + | == The Verbal Template == | |
− | === | + | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
+ | |+ Slots | ||
+ | ! 1<br><small>(req.)</small> | ||
+ | ! 2<br><small>(opt.)</small> | ||
+ | ! 3<br><small>(opt.)</small> | ||
+ | ! 4<br><small>(usu req.)</small> | ||
+ | ! 5<br><small>(opt.)</small> | ||
+ | ! 6<br><small>(req.)</small> | ||
+ | ! 7<br><small>(opt.)</small> | ||
+ | ! 8<br><small>(opt.)</small> | ||
+ | ! 9<br><small>(usu req.)</small> | ||
+ | |- style="text-align:left;" | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | # question particle | ||
+ | # topic | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | # light verb | ||
+ | # auxiliary verb | ||
+ | # modal/numeral prefix | ||
+ | | negation of verb | ||
+ | | recipient/patient/agent<br>''<small>(if separate from topic)</small>'' | ||
+ | | incorporated noun/adj./verb | ||
+ | | verb stem | ||
+ | | recipient/patient/agent<br>''<small>(in trivalent expressions)</small>'' | ||
+ | | verb suffix | ||
+ | | recipient/patient/agent<br>''<small>(if separate from topic)</small>'' | ||
+ | |} | ||
− | + | === Slot 1. Question/Topic === | |
− | === | + | === Slot 2. Verbal Prefix === |
− | + | === Slot 3. Verbal Negation === | |
− | === | + | === Slot 4. Pronominal Prefix === |
− | + | === Slot 5. Incorporated Stem === | |
− | + | === Slot 6. Verb Stem === | |
− | + | ||
− | + | === Slot 7. Pronominal Infix === | |
− | + | ||
− | + | === Slot 8. Verbal Suffix === | |
− | + | ||
− | + | === Slot 9. Pronominal Suffix === | |
− | + | ||
+ | == Tense-Aspect-Mood == | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Simple Present === | ||
+ | |||
+ | Simple present is an interesting beast, as both the present continuative/perfect and the present persistent can be used as a simple present. They both mean something that is currently now true, and thus fall under a factual/indicative usage. The difficulty is that the first only refers to things that predate "now" and the latter only refers to things started now. Nevertheless, while the persistent does imply strongly that the action or state is expected to continue, it can be used in cases where the continuation is irrelevant or unknown, so the present continuative is more likely to be used as a simple present, but present persistent is more like a simple present. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Verb Stem Paradigms === | ||
− | {| class="wikitable | + | {| class="wikitable" |
− | |+ | + | |+ Verb Stem Paradigm I |
− | ! | + | ! style="text-align:center;"|TAM || style="text-align:center;"|verb stem || style="text-align:center;"|description |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | present continuative,<br>present perfect,<br>simple past,<br>gnomic |
+ | | unmarked root | ||
+ | | <small>I do that, I still do that;<br>I've done that, I did that (and haven't undone it)</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | present persistent,<br>present inchoative |
+ | | root + sh(V) | ||
+ | | <small>I do (now), I'm doing that;<br>I do (and will continue to do)</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | past discontinuous |
+ | | vi + root | ||
+ | | <small>I did that (but now don't);<br>I did that (and have undone it)</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | subjunctive,<br>future indicative,<br>narrative |
− | + | | vi + root + sh(V) | |
− | | | + | | <small>I may do that;<br>I'll do that</small> |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|} | |} | ||
− | |||
[[Category:Language: Akachenti]] | [[Category:Language: Akachenti]] |
Latest revision as of 14:50, 5 September 2017
Verb Classes
Iteration 1
Potential verb classes:
- Monovalent (1 argument)
- Intransitive, e.g. "I eat"
- Indirect, e.g. "I (have) want"
- Stative/Adjectival, e.g. "She is beautiful"
- Divalent (2 arguments)
- Transitive, e.g. "I eat food"
- Trivalent (3 arguments)
- Causative, e.g. "I want (to eat)"
- Ditransitive Recipient, e.g. "I give them that"
- Ditransitive Benefactive/Comitative, e.g. "She is beautiful to me"
Iteration 2
- Active Verb
- bo, to do
- agata, to meet
- Stative Verb
- da, to want
Verb Stems
Iteration 1
- Realis
- baga:
- agata
- Irrealis
- baga:sha
- agatanka
- Imperative
The Verbal Template
1 (req.) |
2 (opt.) |
3 (opt.) |
4 (usu req.) |
5 (opt.) |
6 (req.) |
7 (opt.) |
8 (opt.) |
9 (usu req.) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
negation of verb | recipient/patient/agent (if separate from topic) |
incorporated noun/adj./verb | verb stem | recipient/patient/agent (in trivalent expressions) |
verb suffix | recipient/patient/agent (if separate from topic) |
Slot 1. Question/Topic
Slot 2. Verbal Prefix
Slot 3. Verbal Negation
Slot 4. Pronominal Prefix
Slot 5. Incorporated Stem
Slot 6. Verb Stem
Slot 7. Pronominal Infix
Slot 8. Verbal Suffix
Slot 9. Pronominal Suffix
Tense-Aspect-Mood
Simple Present
Simple present is an interesting beast, as both the present continuative/perfect and the present persistent can be used as a simple present. They both mean something that is currently now true, and thus fall under a factual/indicative usage. The difficulty is that the first only refers to things that predate "now" and the latter only refers to things started now. Nevertheless, while the persistent does imply strongly that the action or state is expected to continue, it can be used in cases where the continuation is irrelevant or unknown, so the present continuative is more likely to be used as a simple present, but present persistent is more like a simple present.
Verb Stem Paradigms
TAM | verb stem | description |
---|---|---|
present continuative, present perfect, simple past, gnomic |
unmarked root | I do that, I still do that; I've done that, I did that (and haven't undone it) |
present persistent, present inchoative |
root + sh(V) | I do (now), I'm doing that; I do (and will continue to do) |
past discontinuous | vi + root | I did that (but now don't); I did that (and have undone it) |
subjunctive, future indicative, narrative |
vi + root + sh(V) | I may do that; I'll do that |